Apartheid in South Africa - 711 Words

Racial discrimination dominated South Africa in 1948, and this was further witnessed when the ruling party made the discriminatory apartheid policy into law, in the same year (Pfister, 2005). The Afrikaans word, which literally translates to racial discrimination ‘apartheid’, was legislated and it started with the Dutch and the British rulers. The initiators of apartheid applied it to all social nature of the South African people. For instance, the majority of the population who were Africans was barred from mingling with the whites. Further discrimination was witnessed in 1950, when the policy of registration of population came into place (Sonneborn, 2010). The policy provided that, South African citizen be categorized as Whites, Africans and mixed decent. The mixed groups were the Indians and Asians. The Ministry for Internal Affairs was charged with the mandate of categorizing citizens based on race and color. The apartheid policy of 1948 had huge impact in the South African society for many years until the country’s independence in 1994 (Allen, 2005). In 1951, an improvement of the apartheid policy was legislated, which outlined where each race was to occupy. For instance, the whites occupied vast acres of land. The Black Africans occupied smaller acres of land (Pfister, 2005). The Bantu Homelands Act, for instance, made the land occupied by the Blacks independent states. This move saw the Africans revoked off their citizenship and became aliens in White dominatedShow MoreRelatedThe Apartheid Of South Africa1174 Words   |  5 PagesSome periods in human history are simply shameful. The period of apartheid policy in South Africa was one of these times. Apartheid featured a rebirth of racist legislature in South Africa from the 1950s to the 1990s. Essentially, these laws treated people who were not white as completely separate from society; the term apartheid literally means â€Å"apartness.† The national legislature in South Africa wanted to suppress blacks and ensure a white supremacy in the government. Basically, po liticalRead MoreSouth Africa Apartheid And Oppression1695 Words   |  7 Pages South Africa Apartheid (oppression) Oppression is at the root of many of the most serious, enduring conflicts in the world today. Racial and religious conflicts; conflicts between dictatorial governments and their citizens; the battle between the sexes; conflicts between management and labor; and conflicts between heterosexuals and homosexuals all stem, in whole or in part, to oppression. It’s similar to an article in south africa that people have with racial segregationRead MoreApartheid and The Future of South Africa in Cry, The Beloved Country1044 Words   |  5 Pagesall characters from Alan Paton’s book, Cry, The Beloved Country, are used to share Paton’s points of view on the future of South Africa and the apartheid. Paton uses these characters to represent specific views; Arthur expresses clearly that the apartheid isn’t the right way to progress as a country, Napoleon exemplifies how Paton thinks people should take the anti-apartheid effort, and Msimangu explicitly expresses Patonâ €™s ideas of an ideal leader. Arthur Jarvis was the son of James Jarvis, anRead MoreEssay on South Africa Under Apartheid: A Totalitarian State1356 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Apartheid Era, there emerged from South Africa cases of gross human rights abuse, racism, police brutality and general mistreatment of the non-white population. Excluding the fact that South Africa was never ruled by a dictator, it can be argued that some of these features were totalitarian and that South Africa was, to a certain extent, a totalitarian state under Apartheid. This discussion will analyse the totalitarian features that were apparent during Apartheid, and will be structuredRead MoreTo What Extent Did The Collapse Of Apartheid South Africa ( 1991 ) Really Bring About Change For The Bantu Population1458 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent did the collapse of Apartheid in South Africa (1991) really bring about change for the Bantu population? The collapse of Apartheid in South Africa (1991) brought only a small amount of change for the Bantu population. South still faces racism in society, due to the continual domination by the â€Å"white† population with race interaction limited to the false â€Å"rainbow† television campaigns and promotional Africa strategies. At the close of Apartheid, a number of false statements were usedRead MoreHow and why did the apartheid system come into existence in South Africa and how was its existence maintained and enforced for so long?1593 Words   |  7 PagesThe term apartheid was one of the most politically charged words in the second half of the 20th century, and still remains notorious today. Apartheid translated from Afrikaans means separateness or apartness. However when the National Party came to power in South Africa in 1948, it took on a much more sinister meaning and today is associated with racial and ethnic discrimination. The roots of apartheid stem deep into South African history. It started way back during European settlement, andRead MoreApartheid in South Africa1118 Words   |  5 PagesApartheid In South Africa APARTHEID Apartheid is the political policy of racial segregation. In Afrikaans, it means apartness, and it was pioneered in 1948 by the South African National Party when it came to power. Not only did apartheid separate whites from non-whites, it also segregated the Blacks (Africans) from the Coloureds (Indians, Asians). All things such as jobs, schools, railway stations, beaches, park benches, public toilets and even parliament. Apartheid alsoRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1159 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the year of 1948, the lives of south Africans changed forever. The National Party, which was an all-white government, gained power and created hell for non-white citizens, their goal was to have white people continue to dominate the country and to keep each race separated from each other; even though at the time whites were only 20% of the population. The apartheid, which literally means â€Å"apartness† lasted until 1991, and during this time many acts were passed. One being that â€Å"non-white AfricansRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesNelson Mandela and protesters during South Africa s journey away from apartheid. It’s a curious ponder, in fact, that America’s and South Africa’s ascents from racial discrimination were possibly involved with each other. However, while the world may be convinced the nation is out of racist dep ths, evidence displays the rise from discrimination in South Africa is undeniably incomplete. There is a dangerous and unresolved influence of apartheid in South Africa today. After World War 2 was won byRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1333 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of South Africa all we could see is racial discrimination. Africa was all in control of Whites till 1994. South Africa got free from racial discrimination when Nelson Mandela took a step became the first black prime minister of South Africa. Contemporary South Africa is now economically strong and it is completely a racial free state. The contemporary South Africa is now in race with every state in every field. Before 1994 South Africa was completely under control of Apartheid. WHO IS APARTHEID

Essay on Is America Really the Home of the Free - 2251 Words

What about Freedom for All? The most common phrase in America today is â€Å"Home of the Free†. When America first started out in the Colonies the above quote was probably very true. As time has passed through the centuries, America has felt the need to regulate and reduce the freedom that our founding fathers had intentionally planned for us. Such things as religion, reproductive rights, Native Americans and their rights, and marriage rights are being marginalized. These rights could be considered private matters that the government shouldn’t get involved with and probably rightly so. Kids, in elementary school and middle school especially, are constantly being bombarded with propaganda. People love to push things on other people†¦show more content†¦Some would say for artistic reasons its good for them to see, but why at a young age? Isn’t the growing concern of parents today on how to keep their children innocent? Showing or reading obscenities is not a productive way to keep ch ildren innocent. Another issue has been the banning of public prayer in schools. It was decided that public prayer should be outlawed in the Supreme Court case Engel v. Vitale. (Schlafly et al. 150) Some people could understand this as it is not right to make prayer mandatory in school, when there are people who don’t believe in any religion. What might get some people is what was decided in 1962 by the Supreme Court,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ even a voluntary, non-denominational school prayer led by a public school official violated the Establishment Clause of the First Ammendment.† (Merino 8) Many people might wonder why prayer in school, if held on a voluntary basis, is bad. Why shouldn’t the kids who want to participate in prayer at school not be allowed to? One reason could be that the school officials don’t want to put a target on kid’s backs. For example, if everyone but one kid did partake in prayer that kid may get bullied or questioned or at the very least feel left ou t. The same could be true if only one kid went to prayer, that child could feel targeted and awkward. Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe, which took place in 2000, decided that any individual could pray atShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of The Spanish Colonization1409 Words   |  6 Pageshistory there has been many colonizers, explorers, and settlers that came to this part of the world. Spanish in particular began settling in this section of the world, thousands of years ago though it wasn t the United States, but it was one of the Americas. Spain however didn t start thinking like this or exploring and discovering new places like other civilizations across the world because of how much disunity this civilization had. The Spanish were considered one of the late colonizations to exploreRead MoreEducation Is The Most Important Part Of Every Human993 Words   |  4 PagesBut, how can a developed country like the United States consider education as a privilege rather than a need. T oday, America is suffering from lack of workforce and education crisis. America’s economy is collapsing and it is losing to countries like china, Brazil, Russia, etc. because Americans are deprived of education because of high college costs. High school graduates in America want to attend college but when they attend college, either they drop out of college or they graduate but end up payingRead MoreShould Americans Have Free Healthcare?1024 Words   |  5 Pagesthroat pains, having a burning headache, and moving anything somewhat hurts. Going to the hospital as an american in America would be a good idea, but going will hurt in more ways than physical. Today visiting the hospital for strep throat can cost up to $531.00. An important topic discussed in America is â€Å"Should americans have free healthcare?† In America americans do not have free health care. All over the world health care is a service that can help pay for most things medical, like medicines,Read More Service Learning Project Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagesservice day on April 5th, really gave me a precious opportunity to have access to the life and health of immigrant persons from South America and their priorities in life as well as their consideration about health. This is my first time to help so many immigrant persons from South America check their blood pressure, height and body weight, and give them information about how to have access to free clinical and blood pressure control as well as weight management. I really thank Professor Raja, becauseRead MoreEssay From Germany To America839 Words   |  4 PagesFrom Germany to America My Grandma was just eleven years old at the beginning of WW2. Life in Germany was already harsh because of the repercussions of WW1. During WW2, she was able to remain in her home located in Darmstadt Germany, but after catastrophic bombings, the city was left in ruins. By the end of the war, her home was destroyed and Germany was in shambles. The only thing she could do was come to America and hope for a better life. My grandma said that when she heard the bomb sirensRead MoreBlack History : America, Not About Negro History914 Words   |  4 Pages From the Ground Up Today we learn about black history in America, not about Negro History. Who tells he story is what makes the difference; the people who lived it VS the people who watched it. Primary source documents tell the stories about what was happening on the ground. These are the best way to teach ourselves about how education was for Negros, the way lawsuits played a role in the civil rights movements, how a â€Å"Battle in Cuba† shaped new men, and how the community came together to get thisRead MoreEssay on Hardships of Immigration to America843 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration keeps America diverse; there is a lot of value in such diversity. It teaches citizens to respect and bond with one another regardless of differences. However, America has a dark history as it pertains to immigration. Our ancestors removed Native Americans when all they wanted was this: Let me be a free man, free to travel, free to stop, free to work, free to trade where I choose, free to choose my own teache rs, free to follow the religion of my fathers, free to talk, think and act forRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Let America Be America Again 862 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"Let America Be America Again† (658) is written by a famous writer by the name of Langston Hughes who is knowledgeable in American literature. Hughes writes this specific piece about the suffrages of what African Americans have encountered and uses a combination of ethos, pathos, and logos to express his thoughts. In the book Arguing About Literature: A Brief Guide by John Schilb and John Clifford gives a brief credibility description of Hughes to let readers knows he knows what he is talkingRead MoreAmerican Lit : Burden Of The United States1031 Words   |  5 PagesStates of America or its people, language, or culture. My definition to be American means that you’re free. Free to say what you want. Free to choose your own religion. Free to vote for whom you want. Free to grow up and pick the occupation you desire. Free to go where you please. Free of being a slave to no one! Free to love whom you want. Most importantly, free to get a good education. Just being free period! As a child, I was taught those things to grow up and realize you’re not as free as theyRead MoreIn the 1960s, People Turned to Music for Hope, Peace, and Happiness1215 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the 1960s and the early 1970s, music reflected the political and social changes that America was undergoing at the time. Some of these major changes included the African-American civil rights movement and the conflict over America’s role in the Vietnam War. During these hard times, people turned to music for hope, peace, happiness and answers. The African-American civil rights movement was a cruel time for the African American race to endure due to the harsh discrimination and segregation

Wombats Free Essays

The Wombats are an alternative rock band hailing from Liverpool, England. They played a gig here in Chicago at Park West venue back in mid September. From the delicately soothing and fun beginning of â€Å"Our Perfect Disease,† Matthew Murphy’s vocals crawls into your head and whispers from a world of honesty most bands take considerable years to find. We will write a custom essay sample on Wombats or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Wombats word choice and vocal delivery roars with such raw and beautiful emotion that absorbs you in. This show was a show worthwhile. First, the venue was awesome, it was really intimate and allowed you to feel like you ere right there in stage with the band. Security did it’s Job and was professional, and the venue had a great atmosphere. Usually at Park West, it tends to be fairly easy to find your way to the front, but this show, was quite impossible. In order to be up close, you had to be there really early. Also, knowing that the band is huge in Europe, I could not pass up the chance to see them live. One of the best parts overall, was the ticket price which was only nine dollars! The opening acts, Morning Parade and The Royal Concept were really good too, one of the best warm up bands I haw seen at a show like this. The Wombats really fed off the crowd’s energy and seem absolutely, extremely stoked to be there. Most of the crowd was singing along throughout the concert and you could see In the band’s grins that they had not been expecting this and were pumped to see the crowd so into it. Moms pits and crowd surfing have started during the show, which does not really happen at an Indies rock concert, but does anyway. It was one of the greatest experiences I had at a show. Audio and sound did not have one single difficulty. The band threw their talent out and are exceptionally great live performers. It Is honestly depressing now listening to their albums because of how great they are live. Not only did they play nearly every song off of their most recent album, This Modern Glitch, but they also played a good selection of songs from their first album, Gulled to Love, Loss, and Desperation. Last but not least, I tend to always pay attention to the stage production. The lights were fascinating and synced In very well with each song performed. There was not a single flaw, the band was lively and energetic, the singing was great, and so were the Instrumentals. These guys are fun, they will Joke ND take photos of you while they are up there performing. Towards the end of the show, the band performed one of their tracks, â€Å"Little MISS Bedspread. † The drummer played the drums, keyboard, and harmonica – simultaneously. Sounds Impossible, but not for The Wombats. After the encore, all three band members took dives Into the crowd and It was unreal. I personally, thoroughly enjoyed what The Wombats put Wombats By Christianizes crowd was singing along throughout the concert and you could see in the band’s really happen at an Indies rock concert, but does anyway. It was one of the greatest ND are exceptionally great live performers. It is honestly depressing now listening to selection of songs from their first album, Guide to Love, production. The lights were fascinating and synced in very well with each song singing was great, and so were the instrumentals. These guys are fun, they will Joke show, the band performed one of their tracks, â€Å"Little Miss Bedspread. † The drummer played the drums, keyboard, and harmonica – simultaneously. Sounds impossible, but not for The Wombats. After the encore, all three band members took dives into the crowd and it was unreal. I personally, thoroughly enjoyed what The Wombats put How to cite Wombats, Papers

Jini Network technology Strategic Imperatives free essay sample

A research report about Jini network technology, its developments and strategic plans. This report concerns Sun Microsystems Jini technology and the strategy for its widespread adoption in the networking world. The report proposes a marketing plan and other necessary initiatives to make the technology a standard of networking. The report covers both the strategic initiatives taken thus far and the way forward and includes various diagrams and explanations. Executive summary Jini technology Market Overview Competition Strategy for growth Community Building Industry Partnership for standardization Branding Jini Target Segment Over the last quarter century, network technology has evolved immensely. Emerging network interaction has the capability to shatter existing performance ceilings. Participants in one network will directly access and use the services provided by participants in another network. Constructing networks that can adapt to the demands of dynamic computing environments requires an innovative architecture that can effectively and efficiently accommodate change and complexity. We will write a custom essay sample on Jini Network technology: Strategic Imperatives or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And at the same time, this technology must be easy to learn, use, and deploy. Remarkably elegant, yet unexpectedly simple, Jini network technology is designed to meet these requirements.

Overall Equipment Effectiveness Definition free essay sample

ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD TOOLS DOWN: OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS (OEE) What is Tools Down? An activity where certain tools or knowledge is shared with a person or group of people with the intent to upskill those people in the usage of the tool or develop deep understanding of how the tool is utilized ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD 2 OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS (OEE) ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD 3 Definition OEE is used to measure plant performance against its limit and identify sources of loss within the plant. It measures how well we use the equipments when they are available. ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD 4 To understand OEE better is to understand OEE waterfall chart†¦ y External factors Category 3* -i. e. , lack of demand, lack of feed, lack of storage and other external downtime Slowdown S2 – Slowdown (external upstream) S3 – Slowdown (external downstream) S4 – Slowdown (Others/ force majoure) Not Normal Plant Operations 2a* Debottle necking 2b* Revamp/ Rejuvenation Formula: This model is based on the latest OEE concept approved and endorsed during 36 th OPI Working Group Meeting and 61st Plant Managers Meeting. We will write a custom essay sample on Overall Equipment Effectiveness Definition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * As per the IPWE classification of downtime ** As per the OPI definition for OEE calculation *** In cases where the MSR is lower than Nameplate Capacity, Nameplate Capacity will be used instead of MSR ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD Maximum Sustainable Rate*** OEE Turnaround (DOSH requirements) Net Production (x) Adjusted Capacity (y) Adjusted Capacity** Normal Plant Operations 1a* Scheduled downtime (excluding Turnaround) Available Capacity** Normal Plant Operations 1b* Unscheduled downtime 1c – Consequential downtime Slowdown S1 – Slowdown (internal) x Net Production** Quality (Reject or off spec. ) Gross Production** Indirect losses Availability losses Productivity losses Quality losses 5 5 What is Maximum Sustainable Rate (MSR)? Maximum Sustainable Rate (MSR): OPU specifies its respective MSR for a period based on the highest daily throughput or production rate sustained over 30 consecutive days. In cases where the MSR is lower than Nameplate Capacity, Nameplate Capacity will be used instead of MSR. ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD 6 External factors – Indirect losses ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD Maximum Sustainable Rate Category Not Normal Plant Operations Category 2* Downtime Definition Debottlenecking Revamp/Rejuvenation Lack of economic feedstock Economics Lack of storage Others Slowdown (external upstream) Slowdown (external downstream) Slowdown (Other/Force Majeure) 2a 2b 3a External Factors Category 3* Downtime Category S* Slowdown 3b 3c 3d S2 S3 S4 7 Internal factors – Downtime (Availability losses) Turnaround Category Turnaround Normal Plant Operations Category 1b 1c Normal Plant Operations Category 1a Definition ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD Adjusted Capacity 1a 1b 1c Planned downtime Unplanned downtime Consequential downtime 8 Internal factors – Slowdown (Productivity losses) ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD Available Capacity Category Category S1 Definition Slowdown (Internal) S1 9 Internal factors – Slowdown (Quality losses) ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD Gross Production Net Production Category Quality loss Definition Quality Reject, offspec, flaring (Not applicable to EPEMSB) Official production as recorded by Production Planner 10 Recap†¦ y External factors: Downtime 3a – Lack of economic feedstock 3b – Economics 3c – Lack of storage 3d Others Slowdown S2 – Slowdown (external upstream) S3 – Slowdown (external downstream) S4 – Slowdown (Others/ force majoure) Not Normal Plant Operations 2a Debottle necking 2b Revamp/ Rejuvenation Formula: OEE Turnaround Net Production (x) Adjusted Capacity (y) ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD Maximum Sustainable Rate Normal Plant Operations 1a Scheduled Normal Plant downtime Operations (excluding Turnaround) 1b Unscheduled downtime 1c – Consequential downtime Adjusted Capacity Available Capacity Slowdown S1 – Slowdown (internal) x Net Production Quality (Reject , off spec. or flaring) Gross Production Indirect losses Availability losses Productivity losses Quality losses 11 11 OTHER PERFORMANCE KPIs ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD 12 Other performance KPIs Besides OEE, there are FIVE other KPIs that EPEMSB track, monitor and analyze: ? Production volume (net production) ? Utilization ? Reliability ? Operational Availability ? Mechanical Availability ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD 13 Production Volume Production volume is without doubt the most important KPI to be tracked and reported at various levels of management Typically reported in metric ton (MT) or kilometric ton (kMT) Official production volume is reported by planners Official production volume is taken from 1st to 1st of every month ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD 14 Utilization z Utilization External factors: Downtime 3a – Lack of economic feedstock 3b – Economics 3c – Lack of storage 3d Others Slowdown S2 – Slowdown (external upstream) S3 – Slowdown (external downstream) S4 – Slowdown (Others/ force majoure) Not Normal Plant Operations 2a Debottle necking 2b Revamp/ Rejuvenation Formula: Net Production (x) Maximum Sustainabl e Rate (z) ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD Maximum Sustainable Rate Turnaround Normal Plant Operations 1a Scheduled Normal Plant downtime Operations (excluding Turnaround) 1b Unscheduled downtime 1c – Consequential downtime Adjusted Capacity Available Capacity Slowdown S1 – Slowdown (internal) x Net Production Quality (Reject , off spec. or flaring) Gross Production Indirect losses Availability losses Productivity losses Quality losses 15 15 Reliability Reliability is used to determine the impact of unscheduled downtime over mission time*. Formula: Re liability 1 UnscheduledDowntime(Category b) 1 TotalTime ScheduledD owntime(Category a) 1 r simply R = 1– ( TT – P ) U Mission Time = Total Time – Scheduled Downtime Total time = Total number of calendar days ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD 16 Operational Availability Operational Availability is used to determine the impact of all downtime (excluding slowdown). Formula: Operationa lAvailability 1 Downtime(Categories ,2,3) 1 TotalTime or simply OA = 1 â₠¬â€œ ( E+U+P TT ) Total time = Total number of calendar days ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD 17 Mechanical Availability Mechanical Availability is used to determine the impact of scheduled and unscheduled downtime. Formula: MechanicalAvailability 1 Downtime(Category a 1b) 1 TotalTime or simply OA = 1 – ( U+P TT ) Total time = Total number of calendar days ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD 18 Volume-based vs. Time-based Take note that: Volume, OEE Utilization – Volume-based Reliability, Operational Availability Mechanical Availability – Time-based ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD 19 END OF PRESENTATION ETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD POLYETHYLENE MALAYSIA SDN BHD 20

Essay on PRACTICE OF MARKETING

Essay on PRACTICE OF MARKETING Essay on PRACTICE OF MARKETING Essay on PRACTICE OF MARKETINGBasing on Hooley, Saunders, and Piercy (1998) and Kotler and Armstrong (2013), positioning is the process of searching a market position for a company, product or service that will distinguish it from the position of competitors. Positioning is based on the analysis of a specific target group of consumers for which the benefits and uniqueness are created (Riezebos and van der Grinten, 2012; Myers, 1996). Without a clear idea of what positioning is focused on, it becomes almost impossible to reconcile the solutions of the marketing mix. Generally, the identification of competitive positioning often dictates the most effective combinations of other marketing tools.In its essence, the positioning of a product or service to a consumer is a method of determining a product (service) through the features that seem to be the most important ones for this consumer (Riezebos and van der Grinten, 2012; Czerniawski and Maloney, 2011). As a rule, the work on developin g and maintaining market positioning is built in the following way (basing on McDonald, 2012; Hooley, Saunders, and Piercy, 1998; Myers, 1996; Kotler and Armstrong, 2013):Stage 1 Market segmentation aimed at the selection of market segments and niches the product or service will occupy.Stage 2 The study of the needs of consumers in the selected market segments, including the study of existing market offers and identification of potential competitive advantages.Stage 3 – The development of positioning strategy based on the selected competitive advantages.Stage 4 – The support of positioning strategy through naming, shaping, advertising, and packaging of company’s products.One of the most elegant examples of the positioning strategy success is case of Venus brand, presented by Gillette, the market leader of the razor industry. Thus, on Stage 1, Gillette Company, now being the subdivision of ProcterGamble Corporation (PG Official Website, 2014), infallibly correc tly chooses to enter a previously unoccupied market niche of female safe razors. Above all, trading with shaving accessories is one of the most profitable businesses on FMCG market since 85% of people prefer traditional wet shave using a razor systems or disposable razor blades (N.D., 2005). The sales of razors and blade refills are stable throughout the year, and even financial crisis marginally reduces their volume (McKibben, 1997; N.D., 2005; Pisarcik, 2014). Second of all, Gillette took an extremely timely decision and caught a perfect moment for releasing the first-ever women’s razor product in the 1970’s, when female clothing was becoming increasingly revealing and women began to use common safety razors (Adams, 1978; Gillette Venus Official Website, 2014). Thus, the establishment of a new sub-brand Gillette Venus was a classic example of a market extension strategy when a stable company that achieved high rates in its key position on the market (in our case, exp ensive, high-quality disposable razors for men) decides to reach new audiences offering them same benefits, thus exploiting the factor of audience’s previous awareness about the major brand (Hem, De Chernatony, and Iversen, 2003).Having accurately limited their target audience to women under 45 (Pisarcik, 2014; McKibben, 1997), the company found that their basic needs included the requirement to possess a razor which would clearly be different from brutal male blades by design and form, as well as could be used multiple times. Today, the main competitive advantages of Gillette Venus razors are their design imitating the anatomical contours of female body and high-quality technologies in the production of steel and special blade coating that make razors sharper and more durable (Gillette Venus Official Website, 2014). As a result, being in fierce competition with cheaper brands, BIC, Wilkinson, Astor, Dorco, Lord, Gillette Venus is still standing strongly on offering premium c lass products as premium price. At the same time, the company turns to be flexible enough to answer newly occurring challenges in the contemporary crisis market conditions. Thus, after the appearance of disposal razors manufactured by BIC claiming up to 25% of market (BIC Official Website, 2014), Gillette quickly launches its own models of disposable tools like Simply Venus (Gillette Venus Official Website, 2014). Indeed, existing market share is never enough; strategic position is the only factor that matters, as Jackson (2007) fairly notes.And still, the positioning strategy of Gillette Venus brand is mainly based on the uniqueness of the product. Perfectly fitting female body shapes due to a pivoting head, accounting female skin sensitivity, and designed in pastel colors, Venus razors shout out load that they are made for women exclusively (Gillette Venus Official Website, 2014). Moreover, they immediately endue their users with such qualities as active life position, genuine fem ininity, divine beauty and elegance, showing that women preferring Gillette are women who love themselves and believe they deserve best products. This positioning is supported by the smooth shapes of razor machines, pinkish tones in packaging and clients addressing, the image of graceful women in brand’s commercials, and the very name of a brand hinting that its consumers are God-like creatures. As a result, Gillette is the undisputed leader in the segment of shaving systems, and in some countries, owns up to 87% of the market (N.D., 2005; Pisarcik, 2014).However, the high level of competition in the razor industry, the continuous development of new brands and types of products, as well as the persisting economic crisis in most markets should eventually push Gillette to certain strategic transformations (Finch and Geiger, 2010; Trout and Rivkin, 2009). In particular, the increasing role of price reasonability factor, especially in the developing markets Gillette in actively e ntering now, should help the company realize the need of introducing a line of cheaper products targeted at the younger generation of ladies aged 14-21. Vibrant and colorful design as well as bold advertising messages aimed at involving the audience into social media dialogue, like Dollar Shave Club did (Glazer, 2012), could work effectively for supporting brand’s popularity among new consumers (Gilbreath, 2009; ). To retain existing loyal clients, the company needs to put an end to deriving interchangeable cartridges of older modifications soon after issuing new products: basing on Anandan, Satish, and Sri (2006), as well as Czerniawski and Maloney (2011) studies, while this practice seems to produce additional profits for the company, it turns to be rather costly for consumers, which leads to the decrease in the credit of trust.In general, the consumers of the future will be more educated and will have a wider choice due to increased competition. Therefore, companies will n o longer be able to impact target audiences by means of positioning based on image and previous achievements. In turn, consumers are expected to demand increasingly higher levels of service and quality at a constant price reduction. At the same time, drastic changes in production technologies and total quality management make companies concentrate rather on the physical aspects of their market proposal, which, as Giannias (1999) rightfully marks, obviously complicates market differentiation. In this regard, we must agree with Graver (2004) and Trout and Rivkin (2009) that product differentiation, and hence positioning, will supposedly depend largely on value-added services that can be included into the supply.

Continental Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Continental Philosophy - Essay Example k are to explore some of the different conceptions of imagination that can be found in western philosophical thought and to introduce and elucidate some of the philosophical issues that arise concerning imagination and creativity. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, imagination is â€Å"the ability of the mind to be creative or resourceful.† Thus, it is traditionally believed that creativity is the manifestation of the imagination. From the way in which we use the term "imagination," it appears that it is thought that the two can be equated; that telling someone to "be more creative" is exactly the same as saying, "use the imagination." That the imagination can be associated to creativity is clearly indubitable, but it is the type of association that is questionable. Before the discussion link between creativity and the imagination, it must be stated first what constitutes creativity and secondly what we mean by the term "imagination." According to Gaut there are three conditions of creativity. First, creativity must be original. There would be no point in creating a sonnet in which one can compare his love to a summers day, as it would not be original. Even if one did, the sonnet would be of no value - the second condition of creativity. Kant has pointed out that even the most nonsensical work of art can be original, but it is not creative unless it is exemplary i.e. of value. The third condition of creativity is that it has to have flair; an artist must have the intention to create the work in that way. If one splatter link across a page, it may be original, but since the end product is arrived at inadvertently, one must have had no style or flair and thus it is not creative. Subsequently, in Gauts words, â€Å"Originality, value and flair ar e the vital ingredients in creative making.† There are a number of different uses of the term "imagination." First, "imagine" can mean, "falsely believe" such as in a situation whereby a person is told that he is

Postpartum Haemorrhage, Hypovolaemic Shock, Post-Traumatic Stress Essay

Postpartum Haemorrhage, Hypovolaemic Shock, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - Essay Example This essay will also explore the effects of postpartum haemorrhage in relationship to the case study of Mrs. H, focusing on the physical range of interventions that were undertaken to prevent fatal consequences by using oxytocic drugs and fluid replacement as per trust guidelines; care given by the Midwife and also the psychosocial care that is needed to prevent women from suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Mrs H was found to have ruptured her uterus affecting the involution of the uterus and therefore causing the haemorrhage. A postpartum haemorrhage is traditionally defined as bleeding from the genital tract of five hundred millilitres or more following delivery (Hofmeyr, 2001). This can result in death from hypovolemic shock. Sometimes these effects occur long after the event of the haemorrhage, which can cause women to experience psychological impact from effects such as post-traumatic stress disorder. This essay focuses on two effects that can come as a result of pos tpartum haemorrhage: hypovolemic shock and post-traumatic stress disorder. The basic definition of haemorrhage is the abnormal loss of blood (Varney, Kriebs, & Gegor 2004, p. 925). Intrapartum haemorrhage (IPH, occurring during delivery) and bleeding that is considered primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH, occurring immediately after delivery) is the experience of excessive blood loss during the course of delivery or within the 24 hour period after labour and for which the source of the blood is the genital tract (Crafter 2011, p. 149). Women in labour suffer from substantial fluid loss; so they need to be kept well hydrated to ensure enough circulating volumes to enable them to cope with any excessive blood loss (Hofmeyr and Mohlala 2001, p. 646). After childbirth there is the risk of haemorrhage that can come from a variety of locations. Immediate haemorrhage is more commonly associated with mortality and can come from different factors surrounding the birth. In as much as 90% of t he cases of immediate post-birth haemorrhage the cause is uterine atony which has a number of causes, including incomplete delivery of the placenta. When there are cotyledons, or retained placental fragments, there is both the risk of immediate haemorrhage and of delayed haemorrhage (Varney, Kriebs, & Gegor 2004, p. 925). The amount of bleeding can be any amount that compromises the health of the mother but is generally considered to be 500mls or more. In healthy pregnancy, women have a plasma volume increase of at least 1250mls and the red cell mass also increases, as a result women are able to tolerate up to a litre of blood loss with no adverse effects (Hofmeyr, 2001) In cases of women who suffer from severe anaemia, they may be unable to tolerate blood loss that healthy women can (Crafter, 2011). The speed of the blood flow through the intervillous space can be estimated to be about 600ml per minute (Hofmeyr et al, 2008). There are 4 most common known causes of PPH; traditionall y known as the 4T: tone, trauma, tissue, and thrombin (Mukherjee and Arulkukarin 2009, p. 4). Tone refers to poor contraction of the uterus, which is also called uterine atony. The tearing of tissue and vessels known as trauma is the cause that is seen in the case of Mrs. H. The contributing factors to her ending up with a PPH were instrumental delivery, episiotomy, uterine rupture as well as genital tract lacerations. Tissue refers to when the placenta or membranes are not totally

FedEx Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

FedEx Corporation - Essay Example The company realizes the importance of impeccable customer service and has tried to satisfy the needs of its customers in a superior manner. FedEx had, in collaboration with Motorola, developed pocket PC for couriers to enhance customer service (Editors, 2002) FedEx also has a foolproof complaint management system where consumer complaints are speedily handled. Organization Culture FedEx has built a culture wherein every employee is urged to express ideas and strive for excellence (Flaum, 2005). This has ensured that its employees do not become complacent. The company has flourished primarily because of the passion with which FedEx employees serve customers (Smith, 2001). People First Barney & Wright (1998) over that FedEx works on the philosophy of ‘people-first.’ Fred Smith is a staunch believer of the fact that customer satisfaction begins with employee satisfaction. FedEx has embraced technology to ensure that customers can track their orders through multiple platforms. Use of technology has enabled the company to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. A case in point is the bar code system generally used in retail stores. FedEx was a pioneer in using the same bar code technology to track packages. Equipped with state-of-the-art-technology, FedEx launched its Critical Inventory Logistics services to enable customers efficiently manage high-value and time-critical inventory (Business Wire, 2012). The new service was targeted at the telecommunications, semiconductor, and biomedical industry.

Literature of Cyber Security Strategies

Literature of Cyber Security Strategies Natora Shepherd Abstract Staying Safe: Cyber Security for people and Organizations lucidly iterates the imperativeness of cyber security. The journal focuses considerably on how the lack of knowledge of both professional and personal environments has caused a surging level of threats due to security ignorance. The key topics covered by this paper is- The 8 Most Infamous Data Attacks, The Map of Breaching, Whats a PoS Attack, How Consumers View Hacked Business and The Rippling Effect, Heed The Waring Signs Well Provide A Solution. For the reason that 80% or more businesses process significant amounts of data or use PoS systems. Learning The Ins and Outs of Data Breaching May Save Your Company We live in a digital era, where computers are a part of everyday operations. As our technology advances, society has seen how much our nation struggles to secure government, personal, business, and financial data. Currently, the country suffers from a half-million cyber-attacks every minute, making it merely impossible to issue a patch promptly to seal exploited vulnerability and isolate the attack. Unfortunately, computers are not the only electronic devices subjected to cyber-attacks, for this purpose, its imperative that business, government agencies, and organizations construct a systematic approach to safeguarding their computers. Reading this document will provide a clear understanding of- Why are Business Attacked,The 8 Most Infamous Data Attacks, The Blueprint for Breaching, Whats a PoS Attack, How Consumers View Hacked Business and The Rippling Effect, Heed The Waring Signs Well Provide A Solution. Ultimately, as we progress into the future, the level of cultivation breaches upsurges throughout the cyber world. A data breach occurs when hackers exploit a weakness in the targets system. As a result, hackers can extract and access confidential information without the consent or knowledge of the user. Importantly, knowing why hackers mark government agencies, department stores, online stores, and healthcare organization is equally beneficial. Hackers fabricate attacks, where enormous amounts of confidential data are accommodated. Why are Business Attacked. Attacks against companies are increasing at an astounding rate. Yet, in still they continue to ignore incident until its too late. Understanding the motives behind the many attacks discussed enables corporations to concentrate on areas within the business infrastructure a hacker should possibly attack. For one large company, government agencies, and organizations process massive amounts of data on a daily basis. The amount of data acquired through these attacks is the driving force. Needless to say, knowledge holds power and information pertaining to any business is the biggest source of knowledge for a company. For instance, organized crime groups specifically use cyber exploits to commit identity theft, online fraud, and computer extortion. In many cases hacker prey on the knowledge that many businesses has lower defenses which are easy to penetrate. Once the information is in the criminals possession, their free to upload the content on Black Markets sites, underground trading sites. Meanwhile, admittance users navigate through the site scanning immense amounts of debit cards, bank account numbers, credit cards, social security numbers, and so forth (Wright, Sean). In this section, we take a look at five well-known companies that fell victim to data breaches. Data breaches continue to take our nation by storm, with business and organizations being the primary target. The reason why many companies become targets is that more and more businesses have become more contingent on digital data. Companies store the majority of sensitive data on local machines, cloud servers, and enterprise databases, because of this hacking, a companys data is simpler than ever. Lets take a look at some of the largest and most hindering breaches on records dating as far back as 2009. In 2012 Experian was indirectly involved with one of the largest data breaches after acquiring a company called Court Ventures. Court Ventures had a contract with the company U.S. Info Search that enabled clients of U.S Info Search to locate individuals addresses in order to determine which court registers to assess. The data retrieved was then sold to a number of third parties resulting in the data falling into the hands of a Vietnamese fraud service. The Vietnamese fraud service gave its own customers the opportunity to view Americans social security numbers and financial information. 2009 marked a major turning point for the company Heartland Payment Systems suffered a massive data breach resulting in 130 million records being compromised. The system was penetrated by malware planted on their network. Heartland obtained data from more than 250,000 businesses along. Sony PlayStation Network- experienced an outage back in 2011 from an external intrusion resulting in all network users losing access to their system. It was stated that approximately 77 million accounts were compromised. Living Social- is a local marketplace where consumers can buy and share the best things to do in their area. More than 50 million users accessed this site on a daily basis. In 2013 hackers attacked their servers and made off with more than 70 million members personal data worldwide. Evernote- runs a cloud base storage which allows its users to access notes from multiple devices. In 2015 tens of millions of their note-takers found themselves worrying about their security. No, customers, financial information was extracted. However, the hackers were able to gather customers user names, encrypted passwords, and email addresses(Andromeda botnet). The Blueprint for Data Breaching As with anything else, theres more than one type of attack that could put a business in a compromising situation. In this section well talk about the five most popular attacks, leaving any business in devastation. Brute force attack is a very sophisticated algorithm or software written to perform any actions necessary to attack a companies infrastructure. The software does this by searching for vulnerabilities- and several cases targets password protect mechanism. This attack is designed to go through hundreds of thousands of different words, combinations of words combined with numbers in efforts to crack passwords; it does this by evaluating each word in the dictionary seeing if they can access somewhat like a password. DDoS also known as distributed denial of service attacks happens when servers are overloaded with connections, the goal is shutting down the targets network system or website. An example of this particular attack is covered under The 5 Largest Data Breaches section. Next on the list is Phishing attacks which are perhaps among the most frequently reported method of cyber attacks. Theres numerous types of phishing attacks but the one used depends upon the industry. With this approach, hackers send out hundreds of thousands of emails with attachments or link hoping someone will click on them, given hackers system access. Coming in last is ransomware. Ransomware prohibits the use of the infected computer. In other words, it holds files or the PC for ransom. Now, there are various types of ransomware; however, all of the prevents the victim from using the PC. Point-of-Sale (PoS) Malware Point-of-sale malware is a malicious software expressly written to detect, aggregate and exfiltrate payment data. This malware was first exposed in October of 2008 when Visa issued an alert on a new type of exploit. Point-of-sale malware is a memory scraper that searches for data in its true format for track two credit card data. Chewbacca, BlackPOS, Kaptoxa, and Backoff are all types of POS malware. Orchestrating a POS attack is much simpler and a less risky way to obtain customers data without physically visiting the premises. So, what makes POS systems an easy target, well the systems are proprietary set up either by third-party consultants or vendors and may not be well comprehended by clients IT staff. The anatomy of a POS attack on a corporate network involves multiple stages. Ultimately, the hacker must acquire access to the victims network. This access is usually gained through an associated network not directly linked to a common desktop environment. Secondly, they can scan for vulnerabilities in external-facing systems, such as utilizing SQL injection on a web server or pinpointing a periphery device still using the default manufacturer password. Once inside the network, the attacker directs their attention toward the ultimate prize the POS system. They may achieve their objective in various ways, although, the simplest method is collecting user credentials, through password hash extraction, cracking, keylogging Trojans, or brute force. The third step entails the use of data-stealing tools-like RAM-scraping malware and network-sniffing(Colasoft Capsa,/Wireshark). All data gathered during this process is then stored locally in a file until exfiltration. Because POS attacks often take time to carry out the primary goal, hackers need their code to remain persistent on the compromised terminal. Lastly, the hacker may attempt to hijack the internal system acting as the companies primary server. During this process their trying to identify a server that regularly communicated with the POS system, while piggybacking on normal communications to avoid detection (Andromeda botnet). How Consumers View Hacked Business and The Rippling Effect First and foremost just in case, the company you work for has forgotten all business are in the market to make money. However, not possess customer rapport makes it merely impossible to do so. By this token, it is necessary to view this situation through the clients eyes. How exactly does a breach on a company affect consumers or customers perspective of them? Take a moment to rewind back to a time where you felt betrayed by either a business or person. Surely the memory resonates clearly in everyones mind because the human psyche holds a great capacity for feelings of abuse or betrayal. Clearly, it should not come as a surprise that consumers harbor those same negative emotions against business that allow their personal information to be stolen. If it where you would the level of trust remain the same? According to recent statistics75% of consumers say they would cease to do business with a company who had been hacked. Moreover, hacking has a tremendous impact on a business future. So, why are many businesses willing to take the chances of subjecting themselves to these types of threats. Perhaps, saving money now is worth losing loyal customers and withstanding the devastation and setback a breach would have on any companies future. Afterward, depending on the type of corporation or business it could leave them paying out millions of dollars to every customer compromised. Ironically, then and only then companies wish to ponder on the repercussions.(Last Name, Year) Heed The Waring Signs Well Provide A Solution. Most organizations and business are coming to terms with why hacker breaching techniques are becoming more sophisticated. Even with this being the case some companies place all their trust in their antivirus software not recognizing the need to take other precautionary measures. All businesses whether big or small struggles to allocate security resources. In some case its not that IT dont have the required tools to improve their risk of exposures- its more about not having the time. So, here are some early warning signs. Improperly trained employees Solution: Cybersecurity awareness is critical to the operation of any business. All users need appropriate training on how to safeguard all devices on the company network, spot fraudulent e-mails, and when to contact IT personnel. Unclear security policies Solution: Reinforces policies for accessing data, sharing data, granting user permission, and how employees use mobile devices on company network Unforeseen file activity or uncommon log-in patterns from team members Solution: track relationships among users and activities. Keep an eye out for various security product in the ecosystem. Unsupported or None-patched operating systems Solution: All workstations connect to network servers must be continuously patched and up-to-date as a preventive measure against criminals exploiting vulnerabilities. Joint user accounts Solution: one of the most insecure actions, even though it creates conveniences. Oftentimes using shared accounts results in a lack of accountability for access confidential data. Reframing from creating shared accounts prevents these types of data leaks. Unsubstantial Passwords Solution: reframe from the use of short password. A strong password is said to consist of longer words (15 characters at minimum) mixture of numbers, capital letters, lower-case letters, and symbols. Not managing file syncing Solution:make sure all company files remain under company controls at all times. The employees should never use personal accounts for work. In addition, invest in business-ready versions of products like Box, given executive granular authority over company Unsupported or None-patched operating systems Solution: All workstations connect to network servers must be continuously patched and up-to-date as a preventive measure against criminals exploiting vulnerabilities (Warning Signs Of A Breach, n.1-7). Time-consuming account lockouts (security professional encounter 10,000 or more alerts per month). Solution: make sure the SOC team can distinguish between real security incidents which take hours to investigate and heavy fingers. Some many SOC teams proceed to unlock accounts prematurely as a means to save time. Distractions like DDoS attacks used to steer a security operations center(SOC) attention towards isolated the breach, while allowing hackers to move in undetected. Solution: the companies SOC team should have a mitigation solution in place for possible violations. The key is being prepared for what might come, and constantly monitor for suspicious activity across the network(Shteiman, B n.8-9). Conclusion To conclude for years, our nation has felt the crippling effects of cyber attacks targeting business and government sectors. Many of these attacks have brought agencies and corporations to an abrupt halt, as they attempted to veil the devastating effects. Yet, they still choose to ignore the risk by rejecting adequate security and failure to educate themselves. Weve approached the modern day area of cyber attacks; this is why organizations must heed the warnings by taking action. Our nation must move forward by learning how to recognize warning signs and guard against various data breaches and pos attacks. The information from this document was designed to stress the importance of knowing all the threats that lurk around in the cyber world by offering insight on two prominent threats of Data Breaches, PoS devices, and avoidance methods. References 5 types of cyber attacks and how they can affect your business. (n.d.). Retrieved February 02, 2017, from http://www.propertycasualty360.com/2016/06/22/5-types-of-cyber-attacks-and-how-they-can-affect-y?slreturn=1487565444page=6 Mid-Year Review: 6 of the Biggest Cyber Threats of 2016. (2016, September 28). Retrieved January 03, 2017, from https://heimdalsecurity.com/blog/2016-biggest-cyber-threats/ New point-of-sale malware distributed by Andromeda botnet. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2, 2016, from http://www.csoonline.com/article/2948966/cyber-attacks-espionage/new-pointofsale-malware-distributed-by-andromeda-botnet.html (n.d.). Retrieved January 10, 2017, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/10-warning-signs-your-business-may-risk-data-breach-sean-wright (n.d.). 3 Warning Signs Of A Breach What Security Teams Should Be Looking For. Retrieved December 30, 2016, from https://techcrunch.com/gallery/3-warning-signs-of-a-breach-what-security-teams-should-be-looking-for/ Types of Phishing Attacks. (2007, August 24). Retrieved November 15, 2016, from http://pcworld.about.com/od/emailsecurity/Types-of-Phishing-Attacks.htm

Drinking Age Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Drinking Age The consumption of alcoholic beverages is a privilege not a right. The legal drinking age in the United States is twenty-one, and I believe that this is a fair age. There are so many statistics that show drinking to be bad to begin with, but there are many more statistics that show why the drinking age of twenty-one should not be lowered. Teenagers do not show enough responsibility when drinking, and it would do everyone a lot more harm if they could do it legally. There is no argument that drinking and driving is bad because so many people are put at risk when someone does drive drunk. Teenagers drink, which is against the law to begin with, but also drive while they are intoxicated. This is bad because teenagers are still growing and are at the age of rebellion, so alcohol has a different effect on teenagers than adults. Teenagers feel that they are grown up enough to make adult decisions, but drinking and then driving is a sure sign of immaturity. In many studies researchers have found that the number one cause of death among young adults are car crashes and out of all of those, nearly half are alcohol related. Long-term loss of drivers license and large fines and possible jail time, are consequences of driving drunk for persons twenty-one years and younger. There is zero tolerance in all fifty states and D.C. for underage drinking and driving.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The drinking age is also good where it is, because scientists have proof that teenage brains are not...

Hume’s Argument for Skepticism

Eryn Croft Professor Chudnoff PHI 101 Honors October 9, 2012 Hume’s argument for skepticism about induction states that we can use induction, like causation, to gain knowledge. We must rely on induction to draw conclusions in everyday life because it is the only resource we have to work with. However, we must realize the limitations of induction. Philosopher Karl Popper successfully undermines Hume’s problem of induction by proving that induction is not needed in science and that Hume’s argument is circular. Karl Popper argued that induction cannot be used in science.He says that induction can never be proven by experimentation. Science instead uses deduction by formulating theories and hypotheses. Science uses the method of conjecture and refutation. Hypotheses can never be proven or verified, but their success can be compared to other hypotheses. The usefulness of a hypothesis can be determined through deduction or predictions. Scientists test theories by makin g completely falsifiable claims. If there is nothing you can to do disprove the claim then the hypothesis is corroborated. A corroborated theory should not be considered true, merely accepted until better theories are discovered.Popper said that a theory can never be confirmed by observation. Where Hume argues that our theory originates from repetition, Popper argues that theory begins before repetition. Therefore, Popper argued that science does not even use induction. Karl Popper also argued that inductive reasoning leads to more inductive reasoning, leading to a circular argument. The problem of induction is that induction is creating the problem and â€Å"begging the question. † In order to avoid begging the question when using inductive reasoning, you might introduce a new inductive principle.By introducing a new inductive principle, you would have to make justification based on experience, leading to even more inductive reasoning. Hume argues that we need to justify ind uction, but Popper says it is not necessary because it leads to more induction and hence a circular argument. Popper also completely denies that induction is an a priori synthetic truth. An a priori truth is necessary and truth preserving, meaning it cannot be false. If induction is a priori, then it would not require justification based upon experience because it is already true.Since Popper rejects the traditional inductive model in science, he had to replace it with his own approach. Popper chose to accept William Whewell’s ‘hypothetico-deductive model. ’ He said that science does not use the inductive model, but instead uses the hypothetico-deductive model. The model begins by formulating a hypothesis that can be falsified by a test on observable data. We can then experiment or make observations to falsify the theory. Now the theory can be falsified or corroborated. If it is corroborated, then it will be accepted and used repeatedly until a better theory prov es better.In Hume’s view, observation comes before theory, whereas Popper’s view is that theory comes before observation. Popper believes that having an observation without first considering a theory is pointless. He argued that theories are only scientific if they are capable of being refuted by tests. As a result, Popper thought that falsifiability and testability were synonymous. One of Popper’s biggest arguments against Hume’s theory of induction is in his explanation of corroboration. A theory can only be corroborated if it does not contradict the basic, accepted statements.Even if a theory is falsified, we can still find many areas of corroboration. If a theory is highly falsified, then it is also highly corroborated. Needless to say, a falsified theory cannot also be considered corroborated. Merely, we can find corroboration through the steps taken to falsify a theory. Popper also acknowledges that corroboration is relative to time. He wanted to en sure that corroboration was not used to determine truth or falsehood. Although Popper successfully undermines Hume’s argument for skepticism of induction, there are also problems with Popper’s argument.Scientists always repeat experiments in order to ensure that the results are accurate and valid. An experiment cannot be proven correct unless other scientists replicate the experiment and achieve the same results. However, Popper argues that scientific knowledge is created by conjecture and criticism; but repeating experiments is not conjecture or criticism, it is induction. You would not repeat experiments for conjecture because it would be repetitive and unnecessary. Repeating experiments is in fact induction because it is allowing for the possibility that the conclusion is false.For example, if all of the Ibis we have ever observed are white, we can induce that all Ibis are white. This observation about Ibis is not conjecture because our past experiences offer suffic ient proof that all Ibis are white. Induction is based off of past experiences and repetitive observations. Therefore, scientists’ repeating an experiment is in fact induction, not conjecture or criticism. Scientific knowledge is an infinite cycle of inductive logic. Inductive logic continuously replaces one theory, with a better more inclusive theory that also relies on inductive logic. In addition, science does have theories that they think are proven.When scientists create a law, it is based on a theory proven through induction. For example, Isaac Newton was sitting under an apple tree when an apple suddenly fell next to him on the ground. Newton used his observation to conclude that gravity was the force that caused the apple to fall to the ground instead of merely floating in the air. Newton, by direct observation and repetition, proved the Universal Law of Gravitation. Popper argued that theories proven corroborated should not be considered true. But gravity can in fact only be proven true through induction, not conjecture.Newton did not attempt to continuously falsify gravity, but instead continuously prove gravity through causal relations. If the apple always falls to the ground and always has in the past, then we can use inductive reasoning to assume that gravity is the cause of the fall. Finally, scientists must use prediction as part of methodology in science. Popper says that theory comes before observation. Prediction is the majority of proposing a theory. We cannot use Popper’s ‘hyptothetico-deductive model’ without the methods of induction because probability is part of induction. Induction allows us to predict the outcome, and thus create a theory.Induction is included in Popper’s own models, which negates his claim that science does not use induction. Hume’s argument for skepticism about induction has many valuable points that allow us to conclude that induction can be a valuable tool in drawing conclus ions; we just have to be skeptical when using induction so we are not misled. Karl Popper successfully undermines Hume’s argument, but there can also be objections to Popper’s argument. As a result, it is best to combine Hume’s argument with Popper’s argument. First, we can accept Popper’s claim that deductive arguments are usually always rationally and logically true.For example, the word bachelor will always be accepted as someone who is unmarried. We can also realize that when using induction, there is always a gap between the premises and the conclusion. We must use probability and past observations to reach a conclusion and close the gap between premises. However, we cannot assume that Popper’s method of falsifying theories and corroborating theories to necessarily be correct. Hume believes that observation comes before theory, while Popper believes that theory comes before observation and is then proven false.Attempting to falsify stat ements is actually using inductive reasoning, so Popper is not absolutely rejecting induction. As a result, we cannot absolutely reject induction either. We must also accept that induction is definitely a priori, definitely truth preserving. It is a known fact. However, an a priori truth is based on probability and enquiring. For example, we cannot say bachelors are not married without enquiring about people we know to be bachelors. Thus, we still use induction and cannot rule it out in the scientific process. As a result, we can argue that science uses both inductive and deductive methods to reach conclusions.

Adv. Fin. Ac Essays

Adv. Fin. Ac Essays Adv. Fin. Ac Essay Adv. Fin. Ac Essay Lending Decisions Lending environment; decision making and organisation of lending, lending policies and controls; behavioural aspects of decision making and decision makers; retail, commercial and corporate lending; business expansions; off balance sheet lending; loan management and problem loans. Mode of delivery:| On-campus| Workload:| ON-CAMPUS: This is a six credit point unit with three hours class contact per week over 12 teaching weeks. The total time commitment expected for this unit is 156 hours. In order to meet the faculty’s expectation, students should plan to spend on average nine hours in self-directed study, in addition to the three hours of class contact, each week. | Unit relationships:| Prerequisites: One of AFF2401 or AFW2401 Prohibitions: AFW3841 | Chief examiner:| Dr. Jean-Pierre Fenech| Unit coordinator:| Dr. Jean-Pierre Fenech| Campus:| Caulfield| Phone:| 03 9903 2140| Email:| jeanpierre. [emailprotected] edu| Office hours:| | Campus coordinator:| | Campus:| | Phone:| | Email:| | Office hours:| | Tutor(s):| To be advised| Campus:| | Phone:| | Email:| | Consultation hours:| | ACADEMIC OVERVIEW Learning objectives 1. examine the major types of lending products and match these products to customer needs 2. analyse the risk return characteristics and pricing of a loan application 3. discuss the behavioural aspects associated with lending decisions 4. apply statistical techniques used in decision making at the approval, monitoring and termination stages of lending 5. apply critical thinking, problem solving and presentation skills to individual and /or group activities dealing with lending decisions. Graduate attributes Monash prepares its graduates to be: 1. responsible and effective global citizens who: ) engage in an internationalised world b) exhibit cross-cultural competence c) demonstrate ethical values 2. critical and creative scholars who: a) produce innovative solutions to problems b) apply research skills to a range of challenges c) communicate perceptively and effectively Assessment summary ASSESSMENT TASK| DUE DATE| WEIGHTING| Assessment Task 1: assignment(Group of 4 students)| 21st September 2012| 20%| Assessment Task 2: Class presentations. Look up the class allocation folder to check when your presentation is due. | Continuous| 10%| Final Examination | Official Examination Period| 70%| TOTAL| 100%| Hurdle requirement A student’s final mark will be the sum of the marks gained in all assessment tasks, except that to pass this unit a student must achieve at least 50% in the final examination. Where a student fails the unit solely because of failure to satisfy the hurdle requirement, the final mark for the unit will be 48%. Second marking Where an assessment task is given a fail grade by an examiner, that piece of work will be marked again by a second examiner who will independently evaluate the work, and consult with the first marker. No student will be awarded a fail grade for an assessment task or unit without a second examiner confirming the result. Note: Exceptions to this are individual pieces of assessment contributing 10% or less of the final mark, unless the total of such pieces exceeds 30% of the final mark. Return of final marks for the unit Faculty policy states that ‘the final mark that a student receives for a unit will be determined by the Board of Examiners on the recommendation of the Chief Examiner taking into account all aspects of assessment’. The final mark for this unit will be released by the Board of Examiners on the date nominated in the Faculty Calendar. Student results will be accessible through the my. onash portal. Exam viewing Feedback on student performance in examinations and other end-of-semester assessment is required, in accordance with the University procedures on Unit Assessment. For more information, please see the following URL: buseco. monash. edu. au/aaf/student/exam-view/index. html. Feedback Our feedback to you There will be consistent feedback throughout the course with respe ct to class presentation. As regards assignment, the work will be returned with detailed comments for your perusal. Your feedback to us Monash is committed to excellence in education and regularly seeks feedback from students, employers and staff. One of the key formal ways students have to provide feedback is through SETU, Student Evaluation of Teacher and Unit. The University’s student evaluation policy requires that every unit is evaluated each year. Students are strongly encouraged to complete the surveys. The feedback is anonymous and provides the faculty with evidence of aspects that students are satisfied and areas for improvement. For more information on Monash’s educational strategy, and on student evaluations, see: onash. edu. au/about/monash-directions/directions. html and policy. monash. edu/policy-bank/academic/education/quality/student-evaluation-policy. html Previous student evaluations of this unit If you wish to view how previous students rated this unit, please go to https://emuapps. monash. edu. au/unitevaluations/index. jsp Required resources There is no prescribed text-book. A lis t of chapters for every week is available on blackboard and library site. Blackboard (MUSO) Material used in class together with other information of importance to students will be published online. In order to access information about this unit in Blackboard you must be enrolled in the unit and have a valid Authcate Username and Password. Blackboard is accessed through the my. monash portal at URL: https://my. monash. edu. au/muso/blackboard/login/. Q Manual The Q Manual is a student guide for producing quality written work on time. Printed copies are available at the bookshop or online at URL: buseco. monash. edu. au/publications/qmanual/qmanual. pdf. Calculators ON-CAMPUS: Electronic devices (including calculators) are not permitted in tests and examinations in this unit unless identified with an â€Å"approved for use† label. These labels are available from: * Berwick Campus: Jan Ottrey (Building 901, Room 130B) * Caulfield Campus: Accounting and Finance General Office (Building H, Level 3) * Clayton Campus: Accounting and Finance General Office (Building 11, Level 10) * Gippsland Campus: Rhonda Briggs (Building 5N, Room 152) * Peninsula Campus: Narelle Krueger (Building D, Level 3, Room 21) * Sunway Campus: Course Management Staff (Building 6, Level 4, Room 9) * South Africa Campus: Patience Makokoe (Building D, Ground Floor) Recommended resources Recommended text(s) and readings Kindly refer to blackboard for full list. UNIT SCHEDULE: (Please note tutorials start from Week 1, i. e. 27th February) WEEK| DATE| TOPIC| READING| QUESTIONS| | 27th July| Bankers Lending Techniques| As per chapter readings from Blackboard| As per tutorial questions from Blackboard| 2| 1st August| Financial distress theory and Financial Mathematics| As per chapter readings from Blackboard| As per tutorial questions from Blackboard| 3| 10th August| Pricing models and ethics| As per chapter readings from Blackboard| As per tutorial questions from Blackboard| 4| 17th August| Traditional approaches to credit risk measurement and Individual loan risk| As per chapter readings from Blackboard| As per tutorial questions from Blackboard| 5| 24th August| Legal issues| As per chapter readings from Blackboard| As per tutorial questions from Blackboard| 6| 31st August| Basel Regulatory Framework| As per chapter readings from Blackboard| As pe r tutorial questions from Blackboard| 7| 7th September| Corporate credit risk models based on stock price| As per chapter readings from Blackboard| As per tutorial questions from Blackboard| 8| 14th September| Testing and implementation of credit risk models| As per chapter readings from Blackboard| As per tutorial questions from Blackboard| 9| 21st September| Default recovery rates and LGD in credit risk modelling and practice| As per chapter readings from Blackboard| As per tutorial questions from Blackboard| 10| 5th October| Credit derivatives| As per chapter readings from Blackboard| As per tutorial questions from Blackboard| 11| 12th October| Stress testing| As per chapter readings from Blackboard| As per tutorial questions from Blackboard| 12| 19th October| An assessment of financial sector rescue programmes| As per chapter readings from Blackboard| As per tutorial questions from Blackboard| Please look up your tutorial participation dates, as per folder on blackboard. There i s a 10% participation mark for this exercise. ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS Assessment Task 1: assignment Learning objectives assessed: This assessment task is designed to test a student’s skills in carrying out a credit analysis of a listed firm. Weighting: 20% Task details: INSTRUCTIONS: Please refer to separate assignment document. Due date: 21st September 2012 Submission details: Assignments should be submitted to my email. Penalties for late lodgement: A maximum penalty of 5% of the total mark allocated to this assessment will be deducted for each day that it is late. Return of marks: Marked assignments will be returned to students during tutorials in week 11 or 12. Students who do not attend tutorials may collect assignments from their tutor during consultation times. Faculty style guide Work submitted for these assessments must follow the Faculty Style as outlined in the Faculty Q Manual. Copies of this Manual can be obtained at the bookshop or on line at URL: buseco. monash. edu. au/publications/qmanual/qmanual. pdf. Applications for extension of time Applications for an extension of time allocated to an assessment task must be made by completing the application form found at URL. buseco. monash. edu. au/student/exams/speccon. html. The form must be submitted to the Chief Examiner for approval. Assignment coversheet Work submitted for assessment MUST be accompanied by a completed and signed assignment coversheet, available at URL: buseco. monash. edu. au/student/forms/assessment-coversheet. doc. In the case of group assignments, each member of the group must complete and sign a separate assignment coversheet. Assessment Task 2: Learning objectives assessed: This assessment task is designed to test a student’s presentation skills Weighting: 10% Criteria for assessment: as per designated questions on separate folder Duration: This will be approximately a 15 minute presentation. Task details: INSTRUCTIONS: Please look up the allocation folder on blackboard to check your allocation dates. Date: As per allocation dates. Examination Weighting: 70% Duration: 3-hour examination Type: This will be a closed book examination and calculators will be permitted. Date and location: This examination will be held during the official examination period. The examination timetable which provides full details of the examination schedule can be accessed through the my. monash portal. Materials examinable: All material covered throughout the course. Faculty style guide Work submitted for these assessments must follow the Faculty Style as outlined in the Faculty Q Manual. Copies of this Manual can be obtained at the bookshop or on line at URL: buseco. monash. edu. au/publications/qmanual/qmanual. pdf. Penalties for late lodgement A maximum penalty of 1 MARK of the total mark allocated to the assessment tasks will be deducted for each day they are late. Applications for extension of time Applications for an extension of time allocated to an assessment task must be made by completing the application form found at URL. buseco. monash. edu. au/student/exams/speccon. html. The form must be submitted to the Chief Examiner for approval. Assignment coversheet Work submitted for assessment MUST be accompanied by a completed and signed assignment coversheet, available at URL: buseco. monash. edu. au/student/forms/assessment-coversheet. doc. In the case of group assignments, each member of the group must complete and sign a separate assignment coversheet. OTHER INFORMATION Policies Monash has educational policies, procedures and guidelines, which are designed to ensure that staff and students are aware of the University’s academic standards, and to provide advice on how they might uphold them. You can find Monash’s Education Policies and Procedures at: http://policy. monash. edu. au/policy-bank/academic/education/index. html Key educational policies include: * Plagiarism ( policy. onash. edu/policy-bank/academic/education/conduct/plagiarism-policy. html) * Assessment ( policy. monash. edu/policy-bank/academic/education/assessment/assessment-in-coursework-policy. html) * Special Consideration ( policy. monash. edu/policy-bank/a cademic/education/assessment/special-consideration-policy. html) * Grading Scale ( policy. monash. edu/policy-bank/academic/education/assessment/grading-scale-policy. html) * Discipline: Student Policy ( policy. monash. edu/policy-bank/academic/education/conduct/student-discipline-policy. html) * Academic Calendar and Semesters (insert URL); Orientation and Transition (insert URL); and * Academic and Administrative Complaints and Grievances Policy ( policy. monash. edu/policy-bank/academic/education/management/complaints-grievance-policy. html) Student Services The University provides many different kinds of support services for you. Contact your tutor if you need advice and see the range of services available at www. monash. edu. au/students The Monash University Library provides a range of services and resources that enable you to save time and be more effective in your learning and research. Go to lib. monash. edu. au or the library tab in my. monash portal for more

Eight Different Types of Content Writing That Can Make You Money

Eight Different Types of Content Writing That Can Make You Money Content is the material produced To access this sort of work, try contacting agencies that work for clients marketing agencies, content houses, web development agencies, SEO companies, and the like. There is also a wide range of content platforms and job boards that put work the way of freelancers, such as Upwork, ProBlogger, and Contently. You can also source content work Product pages Businesses often use freelancers when they have a huge number of products and need unique copy for each – DIY products, say, or auto components. Here youll often have a specific template to follow, plus instructions on brand voice. PPC (pay-per-click) ad copy These are the paid-for ads that appear among your search results when you look for something via a search engine. Many businesses still live or die on their ability to rank highly in search, so will spend a lot of money on a range of PPC ads. The copy has to follow a strict but easy-to-learn template. PPC stands for pay per click – the search engine gets a small fee whenever anyone clicks on an ad. Destination guides Travel companies often use these factual guides for the places around the world they serve. The guides are usually written to a specific template and tone of voice, and will be designed to help the business improve its search rankings. Social content Many businesses use freelancers to help them keep up a supply of fresh tweets, LinkedIn posts, and Facebook posts. You may be repurposing content, highlighting competitions or giveaways, or creating new copy based on news stories that are relevant for the business. Featured snippets Featured snippets are those pulled-out sections of content that appear high on a search results page, often in the form of a list or QA. Because these look like Googles ideal answer to a query, they attract lots of clicks, and businesses try to (re)write their copy to get it selected as the snippet for a particular search query. Theres a whole best practice here, but youll usually be given guidelines. One tip is to adopt a neutral, Wikipedia-style tone thats not salesy or self-serving. Blog content   Blogs are still a very popular content tactic for businesses. Typically posts will be an expert take on a topic that the business has expertise on, e.g., an insurance company might look like at the impact of climate change on premiums. You may need to interview an expert, usually ebooks In content terms, these are usually lively, very visual, in-depth pdf treatments, editorial rather than salesy in flavor, of a particular area that a business wants to show potential customers it knows about. For example, an office massage company might want an ebook called Ten Fun Ways to Motivate Your Staff – one of which will just happen to be massage, of course. UX copy A more specialized – but still learnable – area, UX copy is all the text elements that help a user move through an online process such as opening a bank account or completing a holiday purchase. Here you usually work with wireframes of the planned digital route. The UX copy must be economical and intuitive and will often be tested several times with real users.

Improvement Interpersonal Communication Research Proposal

Improvement Interpersonal Communication - Research Proposal Example In recent years, some researches have been done to know the importance of bedside nursing handovers on the health of patients but there exists the need to examine the benefits and challenges of bedside nursing handovers. This study proposes to (1) identify the benefits and challenges associated with bedside nursing handovers and finding ways to overcome the challenges (2) determine the impact of patients’ involvement in preparing handover for nurses. Previous researches have been unable to get an insight into the factors that affect the preparation of handovers. Moreover, there is also less emphasis on the importance of patients’ input in the provision of best medical care to patients. The goal will be to come up with some suggestions to make improvements in the bedside nursing handovers. Moreover, the study is also aimed to encourage people to join bedside nursing profession because of its influence on the well-being of whole society. Research Question The research que stion for this research will be: ‘what are the benefits and challenges in the right implementation of bedside nursing handovers and what can be done to overcome the associated challenges’. Significance of the Problem/Issue to Nursing and Midwifery The issue of bedside nursing handover is of considerable importance in the field of nursing and midwifery. Without handover, nurses cannot guarantee flawless and safe provision of medical care to patients because oncoming nurses require pertinent information to start doing their job properly. Similarly, bedside handover also ensures the ongoing confidentiality of the medical records of patients. In midwifery, the issue of handover becomes even more critical because pregnant women need... The results of the study will determine the impact of bedside nursing handovers on the treatment process of patients. The results will also help the researcher in knowing the challenges that new nursing professionals usually face in the presentation of nursing handovers. Moreover, the use of social websites will not only promote voluntary participation but also it will save time and money of the researcher. This report makes a conclusion that the reason for why bedside nursing handovers have been an issue of concern for a long time is related directly with the associated benefits if implemented properly and perceived negative outcomes if not presented with due care. The importance of studying the challenges that nurses usually face in bedside nursing handovers cannot be neglected in any case because they play the role of hurdles in the provision of best available care to patients. This is the reason why this research will mainly be focused on the difficulties that nurses face when they communicate with other healthcare professionals for handovers, as well as when they prepare the recommendations in accordance with the information available to them from treatment charts and plan of care. Prior researches have not been able to identify such challenges, as well as the programs that need to be implemented to overcome these challenges. The results of this research will be helpful in getting a detailed insight into the challenges which will help nursing professionals and medical institutes in dealing with the issue effectively.

Business Plan for the Sorcerer's Accountant Speech or Presentation

Business Plan for the Sorcerer's Accountant - Speech or Presentation Example This business plan systematizes the tactic and procedure for the business extension and set objectives for intensification over the next three years (Business Plan – Roadmap to success, 2008). The business will proffer clients’ bookkeeping services with the supervision of a CPA at a cost they can meet the expense of. This entails taking into service apprentice student bookkeepers and a graduate student administrator, keeping fixed costs as little as possible, and abiding to label the expertise of Sorcerer's Accounting through its website wherewithal. The effect will be sales more than doubling-up over three years as five part-time bookkeepers are deployed to client businesses as required, and salary and dividends to Matt increase considerably. Objectives The Sorcerer's Accountant, established in 2006 by Matt Murray, is a one-person CPA firm which offers tax services, administration and cost seeking advice from services, and QuickBooks deal as well as additional services. Sorcerer's Accounting hands out small businesses in Chicago, for the most part in service industries. The Sorcerer's Accountant plans to adjoin accounting services to its collection of services to serve its existing and potential clients better. The Sorcerer's Accountant inquire about starting up a new line of services - small business accounting - which will be readily available to the same continuing clients as Sorcerer's Accounting at present seeks.... This business plan systematizes the tactic and procedure for the business extension and set objectives for intensification over the next three years (Business Plan – Roadmap to success, 2008). The business will proffer clients’ bookkeeping services with the supervision of a CPA at a cost they can meet the expense of. This entails taking into service apprentice student bookkeepers and a graduate student administrator, keeping fixed costs as little as possible, and abiding to label the expertise of Sorcerer's Accounting through its website wherewithal. The effect will be sales more than doubling-up over three years as five part-time bookkeepers are deployed to client businesses as required, and salary and dividends to Matt increase considerably. Objectives The Sorcerer's Accountant, established in 2006 by Matt Murray, is a one-person CPA firm which offers tax services, administration and cost seeking advice from services, and QuickBooks deal as well as additional services . Sorcerer's Accounting hands out small businesses in Chicago, for the most part in service industries. The Sorcerer's Accountant plans to adjoin accounting services to its collection of services to serve its existing and potential clients better. The Sorcerer's Accountant inquire about starting up a new line of services - small business accounting - which will be readily available to the same continuing clients as Sorcerer's Accounting at present seeks. Sorcerer's Accounting has set the subsequent objectives: To commence the bookkeeping services at a snail's pace, inauguration with two part-time bookkeepers To pull off bookkeeping service twelve-monthly  revenues equivalent or larger to the in progress total revenues within three years. To attain net profit of max $50,000 in three