The Decision For And Against Privatization Of Public...

INTRODUCTION As most consumers assume, typical product pricing relies on the basic rules of supply and demand. But you may sometimes pay more or less for a product because the company that produces it has implemented different, highly strategic pricing tactics. One of these tactics is called product-cost cross-subsidization. Through cross-subsidization, the government is able to harmonize the divergent socio-economic groups in society in providing their basic needs. This paper seeks to explore the consequences of cross-subsidization. The argument for and against privatization of public enterprises is brought to the fore as the paper examines the effect of equity and efficiency on national social security systems. CROSS-SUBSIDIZATION This is a situation where the profits from one activity are used in paying for another activity that is losing money or bring less revenue. Product-cost cross-subsidization is the strategy of pricing a product above its market value to subsidize the loss of pricing a different product below its market value (Price, 2015). In order to cross-subsidize your products, you’ll need to have a good idea of how the product should be priced prior to cross-subsidization. While there is a plethora of pricing strategies that businesses employ, your pricing will depend on the goals of your business and the market. Because your profits will need to cover all of your expenses, your pricing will need to reflect your product cost, operating expenses, rent, siteShow MoreRelatedPrivatization of Irelands Commercial State Owned Enterprises1191 Words   |  5 PagesPrivatization of Commercial SOEs Irish SOEs are in a wide range of sectors, including monopolies and competitive sectors, and both growing and declining sectors. Their turnover amounted to 5.8% GDP in 2008 and employed over 41,000 people. The bulk of revenue is from fees from goods and services, although they gained significant revenue from subsidies. Ireland has one of the lowest rates of SOEs. (The Role of State Owned Enterprises: Providing Infracture and Supporting Economic Recovery) A significantRead MoreThe Plan For Implementing Phase Preparation Essay868 Words   |  4 Pagesrealization of its estimated revenue, particularly from the sale of government assets worth $475.2 million, equivalent to 17.5 percent of estimated revenue. This sale of assets is commonly known as privatization , thus involved the selling of some government-owned and operated businesses to private enterprises. Total revenue for 2014 is estimated at $2,721.8 million (32.9% of GDP), with a total expenditure of $2,883.3 million (34.8% of GDP). The overall net deficit is estimated around $161.5 millionRead MoreThe Role of Privatization in Improvement of Productivity in Public Sector4588 Words   |  19 PagesName MARAQITA JONES Course PSC 7110 Dr.James Kramer The Role of Privatization in Improvement of Productivity in Public Sector Abstract Privatization is the art of transferring asset ownership from public to private hands. The emphasis plies in the ownership of physical assets. It is generally a once-and-for-all sale of a state –owned asset, in this case the government always retains no governance control and no operational risk, though usually retains the regulatory control over the assets. TheRead MoreThe Party State Monitoring Of The State Owned Enterprise1749 Words   |  7 Pagesparty-state monitoring of the state-owned enterprise in China remains a puzzle to most of the observers as the party state aims at creating the actual market economy. The neo-liberal privatization of the SOEs should run by entirely independent legal individuals with some anonymity to operate on the commercial basis. However, various factors influence the corporate governance in China with the critical pillars including respect for the stakeholders in the enterprise and legal protection of disclosure andRead MoreEconomic Developme nt : The Republic Of Financial System1542 Words   |  7 PagesEurope (CEE) have experienced a comprehensive financial transformation to help them reintegrate into the global economic market. The transformation with the purpose of improving economic development involved labor market, enterprises restructure, governance, policy, privatization and the most important one: financial system. Financial system plays an essential role in every country’s economic development. It helps reasonably allocate resources, provides risk-sharing opportunities and assists entitiesRead MoreTransition from Socialism to Capitalism in Bosnia19426 Words   |  78 Pagesreflect political changes. In addition to these changes, special attention is given to self-management, a managing system of former Yugoslavia, which will be discussed in detail. The second part addresses privatization, the key process in economic transition. The differences in privatization between the two parts of Bosnia, called entities, are also addressed. The last part investigates the problem of corruption and other political factors that are a current impediment to transition. AtRead MoreCorruption in Former Soviet Countries Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesthose at the center of a concentrated, economic network. Administrative corruption includes actions that distort the ‘prescribed implementation’ of such laws and regulations, often bribes to public officials that result in selective exemptions to individuals or firms. The Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey has compiled corruption figures from transition economies based on these two types of corruption. Despite a high margin of error due to obvious concerns with reliabilityRead MoreThe European Union And The United States1743 Words   |  7 Pagesbe viewed as a neoliberal attack on democracy, resulting in immeasurable effects on EU governments’ such as the UK’s. This mechanism is designed to protect foreign organisations investing in another country, and allows companies to claim and sue against that country if a conflict arises that will limit their profits. The ISDS lies in the foreign corporations’ favour, but not in the governments, limiting the UK and many other EU countries’ governmental authority, binding them strictly to the rulesRead MoreAirport Privatization 21980 Words   |  8 PagesAirport Privatization: Introduction: Airport plays a key role of air transport; it has a big impact on development of economics in a country. Freight passengers and cargo to any part of the world and it allows aircraft to land and take off. An airport has to have a proper infrastructure, which consists of runaways, taxiways, apron, terminal for arrival and departure of passengers, terminal for freight and ground interchange. It should have a wide range of facilities; lounge for passengers, shopsRead MorePolitical Economy And Urban Development Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pagesproduction and trade and their links with custom, government and law. It is the study and use of how economic theory and methods influence and develop different social and economic systems, such as capitalism, socialism and communism, and it analyzes how public policy is created and implemented. Since various individuals and groups have different interests in how a country or economy is to develop, political economy as a discipline is a complex field , covering a broad array of potentially competing interests

Economic Factors Affecting The Economy - 1459 Words

Economic factors The primary cause that evolves from most studies is `indebtedness’ (87%-93%). A farmer gets indebted when his/her return from the yield is not as much as he expected and he becomes unable to pay the loan, which he might have taken for productive purpose, social purpose or to meet his immediate consumption needs. Indebtedness is quite evident in most of the affected districts. In Kerala indebtedness is higher compared to national average due to availability of good informal and formal credit facilities, cash crop production and higher value of assets per households. Almost all the states which reports farmer suicide are drought prone (except Kerala) and if not, faced problem of deficient rainfall during the period of crisis causing crop failure (41%). The regions also lacked in irrigation facilities. Irrigation is an implicit cause of indebtedness, as many farmers take loan to dig well. A study of 50 deceased farmers in Warangal district shows that, well is the largest source of irrigation for about three-fourths of the farmers. Only about one-third of the wells were dug under the subsidy schemes of the government. In the rest of the cases farmers themselves have borne the expenses for the digging of the wells Dependence on rain fed agricultural also one of the reason for farmer suicide. Due to there is no water in that area the overall agriculture is dependent on the rain that falls in the area. So if the amount of rain happened is good and sufficientShow MoreRelatedFactors of Economic Development1163 Words   |  5 PagesFactors of economic development Economic development involves actions that are sustained and concerted by policy makers and the entire community. These actions lead to improved standards of living as well as the economic health within a specified area either in the local, regional or global environment. Economic development can also be termed as the qualitative and quantitative changes that occur within an economy. For economic development to take place there has to be contributions by variousRead MoreNoki A Finnish Multinational Communication And Information Technology Company Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesbillion then renamed to Nokia networks. The troubles affecting Nokia arise from a radical transformation in its business environment. A brief examination of political, economic, social, technologic for knowing company’s current status and future steps to be taken for the company’s success for the coming years are sown below PEST analysis PEST analysis (political, economic social and technological). It describes a framework of macro environmental factors used to scanning component of strategic managementRead MoreFactors Affecting The Manufacturing Industry Of Ecuador1712 Words   |  7 Pagesconsiderable skills in such occupations as weaving, their wages were among the lowest in the labor force, and as machine-weaving became more widespread their skills were increasingly obsolete. In the 1980s, the government offered special credits â€Å"FACTORS AFFECTING THE EMPLOYMENT IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF ECUADOR† 11 and loans to encourage a transition from artisan workshops to small factories. The largest number of artisans produced clothing and furniture. This group included dressmakers, tailors, shoemakersRead MoreIkea Swot Analysis966 Words   |  4 Pagesan organization. Further, the external influences are categorised under 6 headings; political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental; abbreviated as STEP (Johnson and Scholes, 2005). Based on the above discussion, STEP analysis has been chosen to analyse the macro-environment to diagnose the external influences that are affecting Goldman Sachs. Social factors: Social factors which affected a firm involve the attitudes, beliefs, opinions of a person in the external environmentRead MoreUnderstandin How Market Works in Practice1491 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent type of economy. Command economy, free market economy and mixed economy. Command economy, the majority of factor of production to be within state control, production and distribution decisions by the state is done from the economic system. It is the opposite of a free market economy. That state is the owner of the factory and the field. What people should consume, what goods should be produced to such questions as the state is giving its sole discretion. Free market economy, government interventionRead MoreEconomics Question Bank772 Words   |  4 PagesVelammal Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering MG2452- Engineering Economics and Financial Accounting Question Bank Part A: 1. Define economics 2. Define managerial economics. 3. Define micro economics 4. Define macroeconomics 5. Differentiate micro and macroeconomics 6. Draw economic circle. 7. State the subject matter of economics. 8. What is scarcity? 9. What is firm? 10. What are the objectives of firm? 11. What areRead MoreWal-Mart Case Study1097 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironment, include technological, socio-cultural, economic, political, and legal forces. These forces tend to be challenging to identify and are affecting both the corporation and the industries in which it competes. Because they are indirect forces, which for the most part are out of management’s control, they may present threats and expose weaknesses. Some examples of environmental forces, which may present threats to Wal-Mart, are economic, political and legal forces. Being the world’s largestRead MoreIndia Is A Global Agricultural Powerhouse Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pageshowever plays a major role in the Indian economy. It is the largest in the production of wheat, rice and cotton. Multiple factors have influenced the growth of India’s agricultural sector which includes the growth of consumption, household income and expansion in agricultural exports. There has been a rise in private p articipation in Indian agriculture and the use of information technology in the agricultural industry. However, India suffered its own economic downturn in 2008-09, when production outputRead MoreThe Growth Of The Internet1030 Words   |  5 Pagessubscribe for online video content. Conceptualization of transaction cost economies is important in making decision to subscribe for online video streaming. Transaction cost refers to cost incurred in making transaction (Groenewegen, 1996). Transaction cost holds importance in online purchasing. Economies in transaction cost leads to subscribe for online video content. There are certain factors that affect transaction cost. These factors include uncertainty, frequency and security. Uncertainty is associatedRead MoreEco 372 Week 1 Dq1 Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesWeek 1 – DQ Identify economic factors that affect the real GDP, the unemployment rate, the inflation rate, and a key interest rate. How do you predict the economy will perform in the next two years given the current state of two of the economic factors you identified? How might your organization be affected by these changes? Response #1 There are many factors that affect the real GDP such as interest rates, consumers confidence in spending and/or asset prices. When it comes to interest

Reading Report Free Essays

From my experiences reading novels, dramas, poetry, and short stories, I think the purpose of fiction is to entertain; to provoke thought. I think students study fiction because it is very entertaining, and can teach many different lessons. People read fiction stones because it lets them get lost In a story that’s not theirs. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believe people tell stones to express their Imagination and thoughts. B. A â€Å"take away† value I have learned from this concentration on fiction would be many life lessons. I feel Like the fiction stones we read In school relate to us somehow, and teach us lessons. They also teach us different vocabulary terms and how to use them. Reading stories Like Romeo and Juliet and Lice’s Adventures In Wonderland also let us experience different types of literature. II. Nonfiction A. My English II class this year studied three very different examples of nonfiction. 1. The World Geography Textbook- Our geography textbook has a professional tone. The organization of the textbook had headers and sections, which makes finding the information you need easier to find. The purpose of this nonfiction is to inform. 2. The Burden of Womanhood- 3. MASS- This personal memoir about WIN has a serious, melancholy tone. The organization of this book is set up like a story, with pictures. I believe the purpose of MASS is to not only to inform about the events during WI, but to also entertain. B. Studying nonfiction in classes, such as an English II class, would be very beneficial. There are so many different values gained from studying nonfiction, such as how it helps develop critical thinking as well as literary skills, broadens students vocabulary ND world knowledge. Reading Report By theologically read fiction stories because it lets them get lost in a story that’s not theirs. I believe people tell stories to express their imagination and thoughts. B. A â€Å"take away’ value like the fiction stories we read in school relate to us somehow, and teach us lessons. Like Romeo and Juliet and Lice’s Adventures in Wonderland also let us experience A. My English II class this year studied three very different examples of nonfiction. 1 . 3. MASS- This personal memoir about WI has a serious, melancholy tone. How to cite Reading Report, Papers